Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the south, and North Dakota and South Dakota to the west. The northeast corner has a water boundary with Michigan across Lake Superior. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the  22nd most populous, with about 5.8 million residents. Minnesota is known as the “Land of 10,000 Lakes”; it has 14,420 bodies of fresh water covering at least ten acres each. Roughly a third of the state is forested. Much of the remainder is prairie and farmland. More than 60% of Minnesotans (about 3.71 million) live in the  Minneapolis – Saint Paul metropolitan area, known as the “Twin Cities”, which is Minnesota’s main political, economic,  and culture hub and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the U.S. Other minor metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas include Duluth, Mankato, Moorhead, Rochester and St. Cloud.

Minnesota, which derives its name from the Dakota language, has been inhabited by various Native American since the Woodland period of the 11th century BCE. Between roughly 200 and 500 CE, two areas of the indigenous  Hopewall tradition emerged: the Laurel complex in the north, and Trempealeau Hopewell in the Mississippi River Valley in the south. The Upper Mississippian culture, consisting of the Oneota people and other Siouan speakers, emerged around 1000 CE and lasted through the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century. French explorers and missionaries were the earliest Europeans to enter the region, encountering the Dakota, Ojibwe, and various  Anishinaabe tribes. Much of what is now Minnesota formed part of the vast French holdings of Louisiana, which the United States purchased in 1803. After several territorial reorganizations, the Minnesota Territory was admitted to the Union as the 32nd state in 1858. Minnesota’s official motto, L’Étoile du Nord (“The Star of the North”), is the only state motto in French. This phrase was adopted shortly after statehood and reflects both the state’s early French explorers and its position as the northernmost state in the contiguous U.S.